Consider the cylindrical boiling kettle shown in the figure. The weight of the empty kettle is W_k and its internal diameter is D_k. A vertical water jet with a diameter D_j and uniform velocity V_j is falling into the kettle from the top, while water exits from the spout of the kettle; the spout has a diameter D_s and an axis that is inclined by 45°C with respect to the vertical direction. The water inside the kettle is maintained at a constant depth h. Assume that the kettle has a smooth, flat bottom with a diameter equal to D_k, which is in perfect contact with a smooth flat table, so that there is no air between them. Determine the vertical and horizontal forces by the kettle on the table, in magnitude and direction. Start with the most general equations and justify any simplifications that you make, stating clearly all your assumptions.

Contributed by Stavros Tavoularis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.